Page No 34-44
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Agronomy Part 1 (Page No. 34- 44)
General data of Agronomy (Important points)
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1. The IW/CPE ratio concept in irrigation scheduling was proposed by:
The IW/CPE (Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation) ratio method for irrigation scheduling was proposed by Parihar et al. in 1974 and is widely used in agronomy.
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2. Triacontanol, a plant growth stimulant, is obtained from:
Triacontanol is a natural growth stimulant extracted from lucerne (alfalfa) leaves. It enhances photosynthesis and crop productivity.
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3. Red and purple coloration in maize leaves is primarily due to deficiency of:
Phosphorus deficiency leads to anthocyanin accumulation in maize leaves, causing characteristic red or purple coloration, especially in young plants.
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4. The most critical stage of irrigation in wheat is:
Crown Root Initiation (CRI) stage, around 21 DAS, is the most critical irrigation stage in wheat. Moisture stress at this stage severely reduces yield.
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5. Which fertilizer is known as an explosive fertilizer?
Ammonium nitrate is termed an explosive fertilizer due to its high oxidizing properties and potential use in explosives.
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6. The Beaufort scale is used to measure:
The Beaufort scale measures wind force or speed based on observed sea or land conditions. It is widely used in meteorology.
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7. Continuous consumption of Lathyrus sativus may cause which disease due to the presence of BOAA toxin?
Lathyrus seeds contain BOAA (a neurotoxin). Prolonged consumption leads to lathyrism, characterized by paralysis of lower limbs.
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8. Which country has the highest irrigation efficiency in the world?
Israel has the highest irrigation efficiency due to advanced water management technologies, especially drip irrigation systems
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9. The optimum depth of puddling in rice cultivation is:
The recommended optimum depth of puddling in rice is 5 cm. Proper puddling reduces percolation losses and helps in better transplant establishment.
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10. Agro-climatic regional planning in India was initiated during which Five Year Plan?
Agro-climatic regional planning was initiated during the 7th Five Year Plan (1988). It aimed at region-specific agricultural planning based on climate, soil, and resource conditions.
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11. Reclamation disease in crops occurs due to deficiency of:
Reclamation disease is associated with copper deficiency, particularly in reclaimed or organic soils. Adequate copper application corrects the disorder.
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12. Which cereal crop has the highest productivity among cereals?
Maize has the highest productivity among cereals due to its high photosynthetic efficiency (C4 plant) and superior yield potential.
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13. Die back of shoots in plants is commonly due to deficiency of:
Copper deficiency leads to dieback of shoots and twigs. It affects lignin formation and weakens plant structural integrity.
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14. The criteria of essentiality of plant nutrients were given by:
The criteria of essentiality were proposed by Arnon and Stout in 1939. According to them, a nutrient is essential if a plant cannot complete its life cycle without it.
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15. Vascular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) is primarily used as
VAM forms a symbiotic association with plant roots and enhances phosphorus uptake. It acts as a P-solubilizing fungus, improving nutrient absorption efficiency.
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16. Which hormone is responsible for drought tolerance and stress hardening in plants?
Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure and enhances drought tolerance. It plays a major role in stress hardening under water deficit conditions.
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17. Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) is used in agriculture primarily to:
PMA acts as an anti-transpirant. It reduces water loss from plants by affecting stomatal activity.
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18. According to Arnon & Stout (1939), how many elements were considered essential for plants?
Arnon and Stout (1939) proposed 16 essential elements for plant growth. Later, one more element was added, making the current total 17.
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19. The herbicide used as a pre-plant incorporation (PPI) is:
Fluchloralin is a pre-plant incorporated herbicide mixed into soil before sowing to control weeds effectively at early stages.
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20. The Law of Minimum was proposed by:
The Law of Minimum was given by J.V. Liebig in 1840. It states that plant growth is limited by the nutrient present in the minimum amount relative to requirement.
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21. Red hemoglobin present in root nodules (leghemoglobin) is responsible for:
Leghemoglobin regulates and transports oxygen in root nodules, maintaining low O₂ concentration necessary for nitrogenase activity during biological nitrogen fixation.
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22. The planting pattern that results in maximum plant population per unit area is:
The cuboidal pattern allows better spatial arrangement and maximum plant density compared to conventional square or rectangular systems.
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23. Which crop has the highest potassium (K⁺) uptake among the following?
Potato has a high potassium requirement due to its role in tuber development and carbohydrate translocation, leading to maximum K uptake.
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24. The first man-made cereal developed by hybridization is:
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25. Splitting of a pod or fruit in a characteristic manner at maturity is known as:
Dehiscence refers to the natural splitting open of pods or fruits at maturity to release seeds, common in pulses.
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26. Fertilizer application through irrigation water is known as:
Fertigation refers to the application of fertilizers through irrigation systems. It ensures uniform nutrient distribution and higher nutrient use efficiency.
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27. The H-4 hybrid of cotton was developed by:
H-4 was India’s first commercial hybrid cotton developed by Dr. C.T. Patel in 1970 (Gujarat), marking a milestone in cotton hybridization.
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28. The optical wavelength range used in remote sensing is approximately:
Remote sensing commonly uses electromagnetic radiation in the 0.3 to 15 µm range, covering visible, infrared, and thermal regions.
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29. Dropsy disease in humans is caused by contamination with which weed?
Epidemic dropsy is caused by consumption of mustard oil adulterated with Argemone mexicana (Satyanshi) seeds. Its toxic alkaloids lead to edema and cardiac complications.
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30. Kaolin, used to reduce transpiration loss in crops, belongs to which type of anti-transpirant?
Kaolin acts as a reflecting type anti-transpirant. It forms a white coating on leaves, reflecting sunlight and reducing transpiration.
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31. The concept of Leaf Area Index (LAI) was proposed by:
Leaf Area Index (LAI), defined as the leaf area per unit ground area, was proposed by Watson in 1947. It is an important parameter for estimating crop growth and productivity.
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32. The father of soil microbiology is:
S.N. Winogradsky is known as the Father of Soil Microbiology for his work on nitrifying and chemoautotrophic bacteria.
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33. Soil moisture tension is directly measured by:
A tensiometer measures soil moisture tension (matric potential). It helps in irrigation scheduling by indicating soil water availability.
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34. The enzyme responsible for biological nitrogen reduction is:
Nitrogenase is the key enzyme involved in biological nitrogen fixation. It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia under anaerobic conditions.
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35. India is the ______ country after China to commercialize hybrid rice technology.
India became the second country after China to commercialize hybrid rice technology, significantly boosting rice productivity.
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36. The practice of grazing animals on public lands is known as:
Ranching refers to grazing livestock on large open lands, often public grasslands, for commercial animal production.
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37. NABARD was established on the recommendation of which committee?
NABARD was set up based on the recommendation of the Sivaramman Committee. It functions as the apex development bank for agriculture and rural development.
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38. The father of pedology is:
V.V. Dokuchaev is regarded as the Father of Pedology (soil science) for establishing soil as a natural body with distinct horizons.
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39. The greenhouse gas released predominantly from paddy fields is:
Paddy fields under anaerobic conditions promote methanogenic bacteria, leading to methane emission. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas.
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40. Bench terracing is generally recommended for slopes ranging between:
Bench terracing is practiced on steep slopes of 16–33% to reduce runoff velocity and control soil erosion in hilly regions.
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41. The concept of photoperiodism was given by:
Gardner and Allard (1920) discovered photoperiodism while working on flowering behavior in tobacco and soybean.
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42. Bench terracing is recommended when the slope is more than:
Bench terracing is practiced when land slope exceeds 15% (generally 16–33%). It helps in soil conservation and prevents erosion on steep lands.
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43. Bacillus radicicola (now Rhizobium) was discovered by:
Beijerinck (1890) identified Bacillus radicicola, now known as Rhizobium, which plays a key role in biological nitrogen fixation in legumes.
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44. The depth of water required by a crop during its base period is known as:
Delta refers to the total depth of water required by a crop during its entire base period. It is expressed in cm or meters.
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45. The variety of wheat resistant to all three types of rust (stem, leaf, and stripe) is:
Choti Lerma is known for its resistance to all three major rusts of wheat, making it historically important in breeding programs.
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46. Which micronutrient deficiency is most common in Indian soils?
Zinc deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency in Indian soils. It significantly affects crop yield and quality.
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47. Rothamsted Experimental Station (1843) was established by:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, established in 1843 by J.B. Lawes and J.H. Gilbert, is one of the oldest agricultural research stations in the world.
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48. The most efficient method of irrigation is:
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone with minimal losses due to evaporation and percolation, making it the most efficient irrigation method.
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49. The nutrient mobility concept was proposed by:
Watson (1947) proposed the nutrient mobility concept, explaining movement of nutrients within plant tissues and related deficiency symptoms.
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50. The element primarily involved in energy transfer and storage in plants is:
Phosphorus is a component of ATP and ADP, which are essential for energy transfer and storage in plants. It plays a key role in metabolic activities.
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